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This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. 1. Report No. DOT/FAA/CP-86/1 GoveTnmentAccession No. 4. Title and Subtitle AIRPORT CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT PLAN 7. Authors) 9. PerformingOrganization Name and Address U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration Transportation Systems Center Cambridge, MA 02142 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Airport Capacity Program Office Washington» DC 20591 15. Supplementary Notes Technical Report Documentation Page 3. Recipient's Catalog No. Report Date 1986 Performing Organization Code DTS-45 Performing Organization Report No. D0T-TSC-FAA-86-2 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) FA614/A6223 11. Contract or Grant No. 13. Type of Report and PeriodCovered Final Report November 1984 - January 1986 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 16. Abstract The first edition of the Airport Capacity Enhancement Plan has been developed by the Federal Aviation Administration's newly established Airport Capacity Program Office (ACPO). The plan is intended to increase the capacity and efficient utiliza tion of airports, and to alleviate current and projected aircraft operating delays in the nation's airport system without compromises to safety or to the environment. This plan delineates the goals of the capacity enhancement program. It identifies the concerns of air system users and defines the…

• SAF are “drop-in” liquid aviation fuels – same infrastructure, engines & aircraft • SAF can reduce lifecycle GHG and air quality emissions substantially – critical to aviation de-carbonization • Viable technologies exist – seven alternative fuel pathways currently approved for use, and two approved for co-processing with petroleum, more under evaluation for approval • Scalable feedstocks – wastes & residues, biomass, sugars, oils and energy crops can all supply SAF • Widely accepted by airlines, business, and general aviation • Broadly supported among federal agencies as meeting critical goals - climate, energy security, rural economic development • Critical to international efforts to address aviation emissions Federal Aviation Administration Sustainable Aviation Fuels – Life Cycle Benefit FAA have extensive research that have supported development of rigorous life cycle accounting methods over the last decade: - Argonne National Labs GREET Model - ICAO Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) - SAF Blenders Tax Credit (I.R.A. Sections 13203 and 13704) Diagram from ATAG Beginner’s Guide to SAF, which is available at: https://aviationbenefits.org/downloads/beginners-guide-to-sustainable-aviation-fuel/ The extent to which any particular SAF provides a climate benefit depends on SAF’s life cycle emissions profile, taking into account the production, transportation, and combustion of the SAF, as well as indirect effects. Federal Aviation Administration Testing accelerate SAF development •Test fuels • Improve testing methods •Conduct evaluation •Streamline approval Analysis environmental and economic sustainability •Lifecycle emissions •Cost reduction •Supply potential •Supply chain opportunities Coordination support SAF integration •Public-private partnership – CAAFI •U.S. interagency cooperation •International…

Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport iii November 2012 Contents Appendix A ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS.............................. A-1 Appendix B CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION FOR LIMITED TESTING........................................... B-1 Appendix C CURRENT PUBLISHED APPROACH PROCEDURES AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED ACTION................................................................................................................ C-1 Appendix D TARGETS FILES FOR PROPOSED NEW ROUTINGS ............................................ D-1 Appendix E NIRS AIRCRAFT SUBSTITUTION REQUEST AND FAA RESPONSE......................E-1 Appendix F NOISE AND ITS EFFECTS ON PEOPLE ..................................................................F-1 F.1 Background Information on Noise Metrics.................................................................................................... F-1 F.2 The decibel, dB .............................................................................................................................................. F-1 F.3 A-weighted decibels, dBA ............................................................................................................................. F-2 F.4 Sound Exposure Level, SEL .......................................................................................................................... F-4 F.5 Equivalent Sound Level, Leq .......................................................................................................................... F-5 F.6 Day-Night Average Sound Level, DNL......................................................................................................... F-6 F.7 Community Annoyance ................................................................................................................................. F-9 F.8 Noise/Land Use Compatibility Guidelines................................................................................................... F-10 Appendix G NOISE MODELING TECHNICAL REPORT.............................................................. G-1 G.1 Noise Modeling Methodology and Data Inputs .............................................................................................G-1 G.2 Airport Layout................................................................................................................................................G-3 G.3 Aircraft Operations.........................................................................................................................................G-5 G.3.1 Aircraft Noise Performance ...........................................................................................................................G-6 G.4 Runway Utilization ......................................................................................................................................G-10 G.5 Flight Tracks and Flight Track Utilization...................................................................................................G-10 G.6 Meteorological Conditions...........................................................................................................................G-14 G.7 Modeling Locations .....................................................................................................................................G-14 Appendix H DETAILED NIRS CALCULATIONS.......................................................................... H-1 Appendix I HISTORIC RESOURCE SITES................................................................................... I-1 I.1 State Historic Preservation Office Letter of Concurrence with APE ............................................................ I-35 I.2 FAA Cover Letter Transmittal of Cultural Resources Report....................................................................... I-36 I.3 Cultural Resources Report ............................................................................................................................ I-37 I.4 State Historic Preservation Office Letter of Concurrence with CRR............................................................ I-69 Appendix J ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT COMPLIANCE......................................................... J-1 Appendix K AGENCY COORDINATION...................................................................................... K-1 K.1 Sample Letter of Invitation to Agency Scoping Meeting...............................................................................K-3 K.2 List of Invitees to Agency and Tribal Scoping Meetings ...............................................................................K-6 K.3 Sign-in Sheet for…

Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport B-1 November 2012 Appendix B CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION FOR LIMITED TESTING Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport B-2 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport B-3 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport B-4 November 2012 (This page intentionally left blank)

Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport C-1 November 2012 Appendix C CURRENT PUBLISHED APPROACH PROCEDURES AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED ACTION Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport C-2 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport C-3 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport C-4 November 2012 (This page intentionally left blank)

Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-1 November 2012 Appendix D TARGETS FILES FOR PROPOSED NEW ROUTINGS Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-2 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-3 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-4 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-5 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-6 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-7 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-8 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-9 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-10 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-11 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-12 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-13 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-14 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-15 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-16 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport D-17 November 2012 Final Environmental Assessment for Proposed Arrival Procedures to…

Proposed Arrival Procedures to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport F-1 November 2012 Appendix F NOISE AND ITS EFFECTS ON PEOPLE F.1 Background Information on Noise Metrics FAA’s Order 1050.1E addressing “Environmental Impacts: Policies and Procedures” specifies use of a measure of cumulative noise exposure caused by aircraft that operate over the course of an average day during a given year of interest. The metric is referred to as the Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL). However, other measures are also helpful in explaining and understanding the elements of the noise environment that comprise the DNL around an airport. This appendix introduces the following acoustic metrics, which are the relevant elements that comprise DNL and provide a basis for evaluating and understanding a broad range of noise situations.  Decibel, dB;  A-Weighted Decibel, dBA;  Sound Exposure Level, SEL;  Equivalent Sound Level, Leq; and  Day-Night Average Sound Level, DNL. F.2 The decibel, dB All sounds come from a sound source – a musical instrument, a voice speaking, or an airplane as it flies overhead. It takes energy to produce sound. The sound energy produced by any sound source is transmitted through the air in sound waves – tiny, quick oscillations of pressure just above and just below atmospheric pressure. These oscillations, or sound pressures, impinge on the ear, creating the sound we hear. Our ears are sensitive to a wide range of sound pressures. The loudest sounds that we hear without pain have about one million times more energy than the…

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