
A detailed flowchart illustrating the pathways of harm from ultrafine particles (UFP) through the lungs, blood and tissues, heart, brain and spinal cord, and reproductive system, showing short-term and long-term health outcomes. Strength of evidence ratings range from 'Likely Cause' to 'Suggests' to 'Inadequate' across cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous system, metabolic, cancer, and reproductive effects.Open full document
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A detailed flowchart illustrating the pathways of harm from ultrafine particles (UFP) through the lungs, blood and tissues, heart, brain and spinal cord, and reproductive system, showing short-term and long-term health outcomes. Strength of evidence ratings range from ‘Likely Cause’ to ‘Suggests’ to ‘Inadequate’ across cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous system, metabolic, cancer, and reproductive effects.