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When proposing a new area navigation departure procedure, or amending an existing procedure that would direct aircraft between the surface and 6,000 feet above ground level over noise sensitive areas, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall consider the feasibility of dispersal headings or other lateral track variations to address community noise concerns, if— (1) the affected airport operator, in consultation with the affected community, submits a request to the Administrator for such a consideration; (2) the airport operator’s request would not, in the judgment of the Administrator, conflict with the safe and efficient operation of the national airspace system; and (3) the effect of a modified departure procedure would not significantly increase noise over noise sensitive areas, as determined by the Administrator. What is Dispersion? • The process of introducing track variability by changing aircraft lateral position enough to spread out repetitive noise events experienced by people living under highly concentrated flight paths. Natural vs. Operational Dispersion • Natural (or random) • Associated with manually flown conventional procedures and ATC vectors • Operational • Aircraft use alternative flight paths with very precise and predictable trajectories but in a controlled manner • This type of dispersion is most associated with the use of satellite-based navigation capabilities • Examples • Radar Vectors to RNAV • Open SIDs • Additional departure tracks Naturally Occurring Concentration • It is very important to note that concentration is not just due to PBN or NextGen. It's also more accurate trajectories on conventional procedures enabled…

- 5+ years experience in Noise Abatement - 3+ with Charlotte Douglas International Airport - Contact: daniel.gardon@cltairport.com Introduction - Source of many noise complaints is shifting - Previously single loud events lead to complaints - ‘Frequency’ or number of flights within a time period is becoming dominant source of complaint Changing Noise Environment - One method of resolving complaints: Dispersion of flights A Heavy Lift: - Procedural Dispersion - Preferential runway usage - Offset approaches - At CLT, usage of Open SID procedures mimic pre-PBN procedures Methods of Creating Dispersion - 570,000+ flights in 2019, making CLT the 7th busiest Airport by operations count - 3 parallel runways (a 4th crosswind runway is rarely used) - Easternmost runway 18R/36L is used only for arrivals - Almost 300,000 departures on only two runways CLT Background - CLT has historically favored the concept of dispersion - Dispersed procedures are considered more equitable - Part 150 measures laid groundwork for procedures to implement dispersed patterns - In 2015 implementation of the Charlotte Metroplex allowed for FAA design dispersed departure procedures CLT Background -Definition: A PBN departure starting and ending with a defined path but containing a manual termination leg within the procedure CLT uses a similar procedure Specifically: aircraft fly runway heading for 2 miles, then are manually vectored to a fix some 20 miles away. Open SID Departure Flight Tracks (2014) Departure Flight Tracks (2019) - Unable to disperse arrival traffic - More Residents Affected (albeit affected by fewer overflights) - Technical…

Reducing emissions, contrails and climate impact from aviation – Highlights from recent aircraft campaigns Global Effective Radiative Forcing from Aviation DLR.de • Chart 2 CO2 34.3 mW m-2 Contrail cirrus 57.4 mW m-2 NOx 17.5 mW m-2 Lee et al., Atmos. Env., 2021 Christiane.Voigt@dlr.de Reducing the climate impact from aviation → Aviation climate impact mitigation by alternative fuels – the fast chain → Lean combustion → Reduced emissions during COVID lockdown 2020, Contrail avoidance DLR.de • Chart 3 Christiane.Voigt@dlr.de ECLIF2/NDMAX 2018 Lead: Bruce Anderson, NASA P. LeClercq, H. Schlager, C. Voigt DLR DLR.de • Folie 5 Reduced soot emissions by biofuel blends 50% HEFA Biofuel JET A1 Moore et al., Nature, 2017 Christiane.Voigt@dlr.de Climate impact and way forward DLR.de • Chart 6 Burkhardt et al., 2018 Previous campaigns → no 100% alternative fuel → No aromatic composition < 8.5% → No large engines → Novel observations needed Reduction in contrail cirrus RF by 80% reduction in EIice Efficient mitigation by alternative fuels →80% reduction in ice particle concentrations leads to 50 % reduction in radiative forcing →more pronounced in air traffic corridors →Fast implementation in fueling system possible Christiane.Voigt@dlr.de Lean Combustion DLR.de • Chart 7 What about soot and contrails at cruise? → Soot and contrail characteristics to be confirmed → Novel observations needed → Reduced NOx and soot emissions of staged lean combustors during LTO cycle → Flight tests show 35% reduction in EI NOx of new GEnx-2B PIP at cruise altitudes wrt CF6-50E. E I( N x )…

 New foundation for all legal discussions of noise  Pressure on regulators (FAA) and legislators (Congress) and sponsors (airports) to adapt to findings from Neighborhood Environmental Survey  Does it remain legally permissible to continue to rely on 65 dB DNL threshold? Now what? Tweaks and Flexibility Tweaks and Flexibility No Change No Change New Regulatory Structure New Regulatory Structure The long and winding road . . . CongressCongress Neighborhood Environmental Survey Neighborhood Environmental Survey Legal considerations  The 65 dB DNL threshold was developed for a narrow purpose in the 1970s-80s  Acceptance evolved, gradually becoming more widespread  Use of 65 dB DNL threshold is today enshrined in law, regulations, policies, guidance, past practice (legal precedents)  Changes to those legal documents must be –  Transparent  Thoughtful  Collaborative (public comment) In the meantime….? Some reasonable options (FAA only)  Revisions agency-wide in metric (DNL) or threshold (65 dB DNL)  Selected revisions –  NEPA/ Section 4(f)/ NHPA  Part 150  Part 161  Airport revenue use  Just FAA or government wide (EPA, HUD, VA, other DOT modal agencies) Triggers/policy considerations  New administration focused on climate change and environmental justice  Will public, Congress accept more studies?  Pressure to act (now)  Transition – what does that look like?  Potential legal challenges to continued use of 65 dB DNL  FAA NEPA documents (arbitrary and capricious?)  State law (California especially) Implications of changes NEPA documentation (scope) State environmental…

UC Davis – Aviation Noise & Emissions Symposium 2021 Climate Change and Aviation: Opportunities in the Midst of Adversity February 25, 2021 • Impact of COVID-19 • Despite the Negative Economic Impacts of COVID-19, Airlines are Committed to Contributing to and Supporting Environmental Progress • Recovering from COVID: Building on Aviation’s Strong Record • The Important Role of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) • Need to Recognize Importance of Maintaining Aviation’s Role in Achieving a Sustainable Future OVERVIEW Tim A. Pohle – Senior Managing Director, Environmental Affairs Recovering from COVID-19: The Airline Perspective UC Davis ANE Symposium – February 25, 2021 2 Impact of COVID-19 Economic impact has been devastating • In U.S., particularly significant impact on passenger carriers • Worldwide passenger traffic (RPK) down 66%, cargo traffic down 11 % (RTK) [Source: IATA] • International travel and business travel been hit even harder (down ~80%, ~85%), compromising significant revenue streams • Passenger carrier revenue down 61.5% YOY in first nine months of 2020 Tim A. Pohle – Senior Managing Director, Environmental Affairs Recovering from COVID-19: The Airline Perspective UC Davis ANE Symposium – February 25, 2021 Also, accelerated retirement of less-efficient aircraft: as industry recovers and replenishes the fleet it will do so with new, more efficient aircraft Impact of COVID-19 Intensified focus on environment and sustainability “Build Back Better” is the more than an aspiration, it is the expectation The worst economic crisis in the industry’s history has strengthened airlines’ commitment to sustainability and the environment Sustainability of our…

The Road to Aviation Recovery - A European Perspective Marylin Bastin Head of Aviation Sustainability/EUROCONTROL Climate Change and Aviation: Opportunities in the midst of adversity EUROCONTROL Air Traffic Scenarios Five-Year Forecast Scenario for Europe 2020-2024 Optimistic and pessimistic scenarios COVID-19 recovery were explored CLIMATE PACT AND CLIMATE LAW INVESTING IN MORE SUSTAINABLE, SMARTER MOBILITY STRIVING FOR GREENER INDUSTRY ELIMINATING POLLUTION ENSURING A JUST TRANSITION FOR ALL FINANCING GREEN PROJECTS MAKING HOMES ENERGY EFFICIENT LEADING THE GREEN CHANGE GLOBALLY FROM FARM TO FORK PROTECTING NATURE PROMOTING CLEAN ENERGY The European Green Deal Climate neutrality by 2050 • -55% GHG vs. 1990 in 2030 • -90% aviation emissions in 2050 Source: European Commission Through the implementation of this strategy, we will create an irreversible shift to zero-emission mobility while making our transport system more efficient and resilient. KEY ELEMENTS • Three objectives: making the European transport system more sustainable, smart and resilient • 10 flagship areas with key milestones • Action plan with a list of concrete policy actions Source: European Commission • ReFuelEU Aviation • Incentives for cleaner & quieter aircraft • Clean airports • Single European Sky • ‘Drone Strategy 2.0’ • CORSIA to internalise cost of CO2 emissions for aviation globally • Renew partnerships for aviation: SESAR and Clean Aviation Partnership • Empowering consumers: Developing an environmental label for aviation AVIATION SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES Collaboration and Optimisation European CCO / CDO Action Plan Released 6th November 2020 https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/european-cco-cdo-action-plan 1,200 network restrictions removed during the pandemic. 26,000 nautical miles per day…

Founding Member of Aviation-Impacted Communities Alliance (AICA) & Palo Alto Residents Aircraft Noise and Emissions Legislation in the Next Congress: Priorities, Perspectives, and Predictions TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Framing the Problem II. Insights for Future Legislation III. Examples: Noise Reduction Strategies IV. Bills Reference List V. Community Input: Representative Examples 1-10 11-13 17-30 APPENDIX Darlene Yaplee ANE Symposium 2021 | Aircraft Noise and Emissions Legislation Overarching Problem The current systems used by the FAA to assess, report, and address noise and health impacts do not reflect the 21st Century and legislative changes are overdue. Residents want relief from noise and emission impacts. For representative examples of community input, see Appendix. Framing the Problems FAA’s Narrow Mission Provides Limited Protection for People on the Ground One Size Does Not Fit All Significant Impact Definition is Inadequate Environmental Review Process is Flawed Aviation Emissions Need Attention FAA’s Current Systems Do Not Reflect 21st Century Aviation Impacts Strategies to Reduce Noise are Underused Darlene Yaplee ANE Symposium 2021 | Aircraft Noise and Emissions Legislation Problem 1 FAA’s Narrow Mission Provides Limited Protection for People on the Ground Screenshot of https://www.faa.gov/about/mission/, Accessed 02/14/2021 Darlene Yaplee ANE Symposium 2021 | Aircraft Noise and Emissions Legislation • The FAA has decided the DNL threshold determines: • Basis for sound insulation programs • Level and outcome of Environmental Review (NEPA 1969) • “Significant Impact” interpretation • Is based on “a single metric” (DNL), not “a single system” as directed by Congress (ASNA 1979) • The threshold of…

CAMI is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to the responsible integration of advanced air mobility into communities by providing education, communication, and collaboration. CAMI understands the importance of connecting communities and industry by working with all stakeholders to develop advanced air mobility that integrates with existing and future urban and regional transportation systems. CAMI educates and equips state and local decision makers, planners, and the public with the information they need to set policies and design infrastructure and systems to successfully integrate aviation into daily transportation options. © CAMI 2021 communityairmobility.org What is Advanced Air Mobility? Nothing new: regional airline travel and helicopter service (e.g., Blade) are current/historical forms of AAM in service today. Everything new: electric aircraft make AAM safer, quieter, greener, and more economical than ever before. Urban Air Mobility, or UAM, refers to shorter distance urban use cases. Regional Air Mobility, or RAM refers to travel over longer distances away from the urban core. Zones of Operation: •City Center •Suburbs to City •Edge City to (Edge) City •Rural Access •Hub Airport Access Types of Operation: •Airline (micro haul) •Air Metro •On Demand (air taxi) •Airport Shuttle •Emergency Services •Goods Delivery © CAMI 2021 communityairmobility.org AAM: Technology Push vs Market Demand Pull © CAMI 2021 communityairmobility.org Research & Development Production Marketing Need? Technology Push Market Demand Pull Research & Development Production Marketing Expressed Market Need © CAMI 2021 communityairmobility.org Elected Officials Urban Planners Business & Real Estate Manufacturers & Operators Public Essential Services Airports & Port Authorities Federal…